Kembang-Kembang Wangi: rafflesia arnoldii

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Rafflesia Arnoldi

Kompas/Achmad Zulkani

Bunga Rafflesia arnoldi yang mekar di Bengkulu

http://www2.kompas.com/ver1/Iptek/0712/30/185427.htm

Seeing in Rafflesia Arnoldi

Posted by Taneak Jang Tanah Rejang Rejang Land

by adriansyah - last update: Aug 30, 2007
The World's Largest Flower - Rafflesia Arnoldi

Rafflesia Arnoldi grows in Taba Penanjung Bengkulu

Rainforests of Bengkulu province are home to both the world's largest flower Rafflesia Arnoldi and the world's tallest flower, known locally as Kibut or bunga Bangkai (Amorphophalus Titanum). There are 16 species of Rafflesia, Rafflesia Arnoldi is the largest. It is a member of the genus Rafflesia. Its flower attains a diameter of nearly a meter (3 ft) can weight up to 7 kg (15.5 pounds).

My son & I are in front of the Rafflesia

Rafflesia Arnoldi
The Rafflesia Arnoldi which is known locally as bunga Rafflesia (Rafflesia flower) is one of the plants which are protected by law in Indonesia. It is a really rare and a unique plant. It is usually reddish-brown and lives as a parasite on the Tetra stigma vine, as its host. Its petals grow to 50 cm (1.6 feet) long and 2.5 cm (1 inch) thick. The unique of the Rafflesia is it has no observable root or stem, and no leaves. It is a parasitic plant since it has no chlorophyll and haustorium. Nutrients and water are obtained from host cell. This bizarre flower is pollinated by flies attracted by its scent. The buds take many months to develop. It stays in bloom up to 14 days and can be seen during wet season between August - November. This sensitive parasitic plant grows only once a year in primary undisturbed rainforest.

Two American tourists and a local guide's baby

Historical Background of the Rafflesia
The Rafflesia Arnoldi was discovered by British Lieutenant which was appointed as Governor of Bencoolen (as British people called Bengkulu in the old time) Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles and British government botanist Dr. Arnold in the year of their arrival (May 1818), in Lubuk Tapi – South Bengkulu, hence the plant’s botanical name. It is now known as the official symbol of Bengkulu province.

The Rafflesia bud which takes many months to build

Where the Rafflesia can be found in Bengkulu?
The Rafflesia, the world's largest flower is found in many areas in the forests of Bengkulu province, normally in Taba Penanjung (45 km or 28 miles from Bengkulu town center) on the slopes of the Bukit Barisan Mountains, the most accessible being close to the main road halfway between Bengkulu and Curup. The Rafflesia also might be found in several locations in Bengkulu province:

1.Pagar Gunung in Sub-District Kepahiyang.

2.Talang Ulu, Curup, Rejang Lebong.

3.Suban hot spring, Curup, Rejang Lebong.

4.Taba Rena, Curup, Rejang Lebong.

5.Lubuk Tapi, South bengkulu.

6.Talang Tais, Padang Guci, South Bengkulu.

Jungle track to see in the Rafflesia

Get info about the Rafflesia in Bengkulu
Hope that all info as write above helps you to see in the Rafflesia. Write me at kurt_reyhans@yahoo.com if you want me to inform you when the Rafflesia is blooming, so you can arrange your trip to Bengkulu and don't miss it guys. I'd be glad to write back and inform you. Peace,Adrian

http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/tt/95d49/#TL

Evan with his Rafflesia Arnoldii from Bengkulu

evan with his rafflesia at Tabah Penanjung 20 december 2007, North Bengkulu

http://www.friendster.com/photos/8217899/1/477206542

Photo of Rafflesia Arnoldii from Curup, Bengkulu

http://largaenciel.multiply.com/photos/album/9/Rafflesia_Arnoldi#1

Rafflesia from Singkawang, west Borneo, Indonesia

Photo Information

(62)

Genre: Plants

Medium: Color

Date Taken: 1993-09

Categories: Rain Forest, Fungi, Flowers

Camera: Nikon F-401s, Nikkor 35-70 / 4,5-5.6, fuji 100, HOYA 55m PL-CIR

Photo Version: Original Version

Date Submitted: 2006-06-04 8:47

Shot of the famous Rafflesia, taken outside of Sinkawang, West Kalimantan...

The Rafflesia is sometimes called the World's largest flower (ie. growing up to a metre in diameter), actually it's a parasidic plant that spends most of it's time hidden in the base of jungle vines until the hard bud bursts through the host plant and rapidly develops its huge cauldron-like flower. Pollinated by flies, it is a carrion plant, preying on insects..

http://www.treknature.com/gallery/photo57534.htm

Knop R. Arnoldii in Curup, Bengkulu

at Pagar Gunung I near Curup (Prop. Bengkulu) - 7.1.'87
at Pagar Gunung II near Curup (Prop. Bengkulu) - 22.1.'90

and again 12.2.'90

C’est la RAFFLESIA ARNOLDII

Découverte en 1818 à Sumatra par Sir Raffles qui fonda Singapour et son ami botaniste J. Arnold

Rafflésia de Bornéo

Cette fleur exceptionnelle qui ne ressemble à aucune autre, pousse dans les forêts du sud est asiatique.
Elle peut atteindre 70 cm de diamètre et peser jusqu’à 7 kg
Elle n’a ni feuille, ni tige, ni racines et vit en parasite sur les tiges d’une ou 2 espèces de lianes.
Elle appartient à la famille des Malpighiacées (comme les violettes et les fleurs de la passion) mais sent très mauvais.
Cette odeur attire les mouches qui assurent sa pollinisation.
Entre l’apparition du premier bourgeon et son éclosion il faudra attendre 9 mois environ.
Une fois épanouie cette fleur flétrira en 4 à 5 jours.
La durée du cycle de la Rafflésia est de 4 à 5 ans entre de la germination de la graine à sa production.

                    
                    On l’appelle aussi le lys parasite nauséabond !!

http://www.domgaillard.com/

The Largest Flower on Earth

March 17, 2007

The Largest Flower on Earth

Rafflesia arnoldii reeks of rotting flesh and doesn't have any leaves, stems, or roots, but it still makes me think of quirky space plants and video game vegetation. It's the world's largest flower, and it can only be found in Indonesia. Unfortunately, like most things on planet earth, it's in danger of extinction. If you think this flower looks too bizarre to exist, it's probably because sooner or later it might not.

This Fact posted by Taryn

http://thefactbox.blogspot.com/2007/03/largest-flower-on-earth.html

Rafflesia arnoldii in Batang Pelupuh, Sumatra by KMS

TAHURA Bung Hatta, Padang, Sumatra Barat

Qting

with Qting in Rafflesia arnoldi site in Batang Pelupuh, Sumatra

Qting

Nana

Rafflesia arnoldii

Rafflesia arnoldii is a member of the genus Rafflesia. It is noted for producing the largest individual flower on earth. There are some plants with larger flowering organs, Amorphophallus for example, but these are technically clusters of many flowers. It occurs only in the rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo in the Indonesia Archipelago.

from Wikipedia

Several species of Rafflesia grow in the jungles of southeast Asia, many of them threatened or endangered. Rafflesia arnoldii is the largest; its flower attains a diameter of nearly a meter and can weigh up to 11 kilograms. Not only is it the world's largest flower, but it is also one of the most bizarre and improbable organisms on the planet.

It lives as a parasite on the Tetrastigma vine, as its host, which grows only in primary (undisturbed) rainforests. While many parasites appear like normal plants, Rafflesia lacks any observable leaves, roots, or even stems. Likened to fungi, Rafflesia individuals grow as thread-like strands of tissue completely embedded within and in intimate contact with surrounding host cells from which nutrients and water are obtained. Perhaps the only part of Rafflesia that is identifiable as distinctly plant-like are the flowers; although, even these are bizarre because they attain massive proportions and are usually reddish-brown and stink of rotting flesh. The flower is pollinated by flies attracted by its scent.

Rafflesia arnoldii is rare and fairly hard to locate. It is especially difficult to see in flower; the buds take many months to develop and the flower lasts for just a few days. How many of these strange plants still survive is unknown, but as the remaining primary forests of Borneo and Sumatra disappear, it can only be assumed that their numbers are dwindling. Many are known to be nearing extinction. Some environmentalists are thinking of a way to recreate the species' environment, in an effort to stimulate a recovery in the population of this endangered species. This has proved unsuccessful so far, but the efforts are still there.

Pollination is a rare event due to several factors. The flowers are unisexual and single sites usually produce either male or female flowers. Therefore, in order to have effective pollination, male flowers must be in close proximity to, and open at the same time, as the female flowers so that flies can transfer the pollen.

While male and female individuals could be closely spaced, flower bud mortality is 80-90% per site thereby reducing the chance of co-flowering two individuals. Furthermore, the flower lifespan is only 5-7 days. Also, the current population distributions are fragmented due to habitat destruction. So, successful reproduction relies on the unlikely even that a male and female would bloom during the same 5-7 days and that a fly could carry pollen between the often widely separated populations.

Although technically a member of the plant kingdom, Rafflesia arnoldii challenges traditional definitions of what a plant is because it lacks chlorophyll and is therefore incapable of photosynthesis (as are all members of its family, Rafflesiaceae).

=================

The rafflesia is an interesting flower, and not just because of its large size,
almost 1 meter in diameter. Unlike most plants it does not make its own food. It
is a parasite which grows inside a species of grape vine in Malaysia and
Indonesia. Only the flowers come to the outside. The flower smells like
rotting meat to attract flies. The flies carry pollen from the male flower to
the female flower. The female flower produces many, many tiny black seeds,
which is good because the chances of landing in a suitable site to grow (on a
vine of the right kind) are small.

You can find botanical information on the Rafflesia family in Watson and
Dallwitz "The Families of Flowering Plants" at http://www.keil.ukans.edu/delta/
angio/www/rafflesi.htm this site.

You can visit via the internet a place (with pictures) where research is done on
rafflesia at http://www.fsh.ukm.my/fsh/dept/bb/raff/raffles.htm this site.

http://www.babasgarden.net/2006/08/rafflesia_arnoldii.html

Keluarga Baru untuk Rafflesia Arnoldi

Spesies

Keluarga Baru untuk Rafflesia Arnoldi

Selama 200 tahunan, Rafflesia arnoldii tidak dimasukkan dalam keluarga manapun dalam klasifikasi tumbuh-tumbuhan. Tapi, berkat teknologi pembaca kode DNA, tumbuhan yang menghasilkan bunga raksasa dan berbau busuk tersebut kini punya keluarga baru meski secara fisik jauh berbeda dengan tumbuhan sejenis.

Sejak lama, tumbuh-tumbuhan dari genus Rafflesiaceae sulit diklasifikasikan karena karakteristik tubuh yang tidak umum. Di antaranya keunikannya yang tidak memiliki akar, tanpa daun, dan tanpa batang. Bunganya bisa mengembang hingga selebar 1 meter dengan berat 7 kilogram dan mengeluarkan bau busuk yang menarik perhatian lalat sebagai perantara penyerbukannya. Tumbuhan yang berasal dari hutan tropis Asia Tenggara, khususnya Indonesia ini hidup sebagai parasit dengan menempel pada tumbuhan lain.

Ada sekitar 50 spesies yang termasuk dalam genus Rafflesiaceae. Untuk menentukan alur keluarga tumbuhan-tumbuhan ini, para ahli botani di Universitas Harvard melakukan analisis DNA. Hasilnya disimpulkan bahwa Rafflesiaceae masuk ke dalam keluarga (family) Euphorbiaceae. Meski bunganya rata-rata jauh lebih kecil, pohon karet dan singkong satu keluarga dengannya.

Sebagaimana dilaporkan dalam jurnal Science, para ilmuwan yakin bahwa bunga Rafflesia berkembang begitu cepat sekitar 46 juta tahun lalu. Pada periode tertentu, bunganya berkembang dari 2 milimeter saja menjadi ukuran seperti sekarang. Peneliti utamanya, Profesor Charles Davis dari Harvard menyatakan bunga yang begitu besar meningkatkan peluangnya menyebarkan bau dan dilihat serangga yang membantu penyerbukannya karena letaknya yang terpencil di tengah hutan tropis.

Seperti Rafflesia, juga terdapat tumbuhan raksasa yang bisa tumbuh setinggi 3 meter dan berbau busuk yakni Titan Arum (Amorphophallus titanum). Namun, tumbuhan yang dikenal luas dengan bunga bangkai ini tidak masuk dalam satu keluarga dengan Rafflesia.

Sumber: BBC
Penulis: Wah

http://64.203.71.11/ver1/Iptek/0701/16/174856.htm

Rafflesia Arnoldii : Masuki Musim Mekar di Bengkulu

Masuki Musim Mekar di Bengkulu

Jan 3, '08 12:30 AM
for everyone

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Rafflesia Arnoldi

Menjelang akhir tahun 2007 bunga langka Rafflesia Arnoldi mulai memasuki musim mekar. Sejak sepekan belakangan setidaknya ditemukan lima kuntum bunga tengah mekar di kawasan hutan lindung Register 5 Bukit Daun, Taba Penanjung, Bengkulu Utara, sekitar 52 km sebelah timur Kota Bengkulu.

Lokasi mekarnya bunga Rafflesia ini seperti yang disaksikan Kompas hari Minggu (30/12), berada di tiga lokasi secara terpisah di kawasan hutan lindung Bukit Daun. Menariknya, tempat mekar bunga ini ternyata berada persis di pinggir jalan nasional Bengkulu – Kepahiang – Curup - Lubuk Linggau. Sejumlah wisatawan lokal baik asal Bengkulu maupun dari Lubuk Linggau dan Pagar Alam, Sumatera Selatan menyaksikan mekarnya bunga-bunga itu.

Menurut Rizal dan Antoni, dua warga Taba Penanjung yang menjaga bunga-bunga Rafflesia tersebut, masa puncak mekarnya bunga langka ini memang berlangsung pada bulan Desember. Pada bulan itu, bonggol bunga yang mirip dengan kol ini akan muncul dari inangnya dan mekar dalam tujuh hari. Setelahnya, bunga yang menjadikan serangga kecil sebagai santapan itu akan layu.

“Hutan Lindung Bukit Daun yang dibelah jalan nasional Bengkulu – Curup menuju Lintas Tengah Sumatera ini, memang menjadi tempat tumbuh alami sejak lama," kata Rizal. "Jika ditelusuri sampai ke bagian dalam kawasan hutan lindung, pasti banyak ditemukan bunga yang tengah mekar. Namun, agar masyarakat bisa menyaksikan keindahannya maka kami berupaya mencari lokasi yang dekat dengan jalan raya,” tutur Rizal.

Padma raksasa Rafflesia Arnoldi, pertama kali ditemukan oleh Thomas Stanford Raffles dan ahli botani Arnol pada tahun 1818 di kawasan hutan di Manna, wilayah Bengkulu Selatan sekarang. Belakangan sejumlah kawasan hutan di Provinsi Bengkulu menjadi habitat alami tempat tumbuhnya bunga Rafflesia tersebut. Bunga yang berukuran besar itu kini menjadi maskot pengembangan ekowisata di Provinsi Bengkulu.

Achmad Zulkani
Copyright Kompas

Close up R Arnoldy

Rafflesia arnoldii flower and bud

Rafflesia Arnoldii

Giants Flowers of the World

These plant were brought to the notice of the world in the 19^th century. Rafflesia Arnoldii was named after Sir Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore, and his physician Joseph Arnold, who found it while exploring the foothills near Bengkulu in 1818. An Italian explorer, Odoardo Beccari, was the first to describe the titan arum. A. titanium, in 1878, in both instances, their description were initially greeted with disbelieft, Rafflesia flower are one meter across and weight nearly seven kilograms, while the titan arum's inflorescence grows to over two meters in height (3.3 meters has been recorded). Over 100 species of Amorphophallus grow in various parts of the world, many of which have large, grotesque blooms. A decus-silvae, also found in Sumatra, has a smaller inflorescence than A. titanium, measuring 1.5 meters, but on a much longer stalk, giving an overall height of some 4.4 meters.

In the case of R.arnoldii the flowers are produced singly, and are either male or female. Amorphophullus, on the other hand, produces a spike-like inflorescence on which many flowers are clustered. The upper section, or appendix, is sterile but bellow this, hidden from view, are separate bands of numerous tiny male and female flowers.

Composite Section of Male and Female Rafflesia Flowers